Which action is allowed by the goalkeeper during a game?

The action that is permitted for the goalkeeper during a game is using their hands to block an incoming shot. This ability is a fundamental part of the goalkeeper's role. Goalkeepers are specifically designated players allowed to handle the ball within their own penalty area. This includes the right to intercept and block shots on goal using their hands, which is essential to their primary function of preventing the opposing team from scoring.

Handling the ball outside the penalty area is prohibited for goalkeepers, as it is considered a foul. Calling for a time-out is not a rule recognized in soccer, as the game flows continuously once it starts, apart from specific situations like injuries or substitutions. Physical challenges against opponents are also restricted for goalkeepers, particularly when they are not in possession of the ball, as it can lead to fouls or disciplinary actions. Therefore, using their hands to block shots is the only action among the options that aligns with the roles and responsibilities designated to a goalkeeper in soccer.